Estimada comunidad de la Revista Chilena de Enfermería, les informamos que continuamos recibiendo artículos para su publicación este 2025,
con sistema de publicación continua en temas de Enfermería y Ciencias de la Salud;
y un tiempo promedio de publicación de nueve semanas desde el envío del artículo hasta su publicación. (NORMAS PARA AUTORES)
Introducción: Los trabajadores de la salud en primera línea durante el brote de COVID-19 enfrentaron diversos riesgos de infección. La percepción del riesgo puede indicar el estado de alerta de los profesionales ante peligros potenciales. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de los riesgos y los daños ocupacionales de los profesionales de enfermería en los hospitales de Rio Grande do Sul durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Metodología: Estudio multicéntrico, transversal con 470 profesionales de enfermería en unidades COVID-19, quienes respondieron un cuestionario online. Resultados: Respondieron 359 participantes, con una edad media de 35,99 años y predominio femenino (84,1%). Casi todos percibieron riesgo (98,6%) y daño ocupacional (95,8%) durante la pandemia. Los riesgos más citados fueron la infección por COVID-19 (97,5%) y daños psicológicos (92,2%). El dolor musculoesquelético fue el daño más frecuente (81,1%). Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la percepción de riesgos psicosociales y los daños percibidos (p < 0,001). Conclusiones: Es crucial investigar y analizar estos fenómenos para comunicar los riesgos adecuadamente y desarrollar planes de mejora e intervención. Esto es esencial para evitar que los profesionales de enfermería se expongan a riesgos que deterioren su calidad de vida o causen daños a su salud.
World Health Organization. WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19 - 11 March 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Pan American Health Organization. Coronavirus infections. Washington: Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization; 2022.
World Health Organization. State of the world's nursing 2020: investing in education, jobs and leadership. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
World Health Organization. WHO and partners call for urgent investment in nurses. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.
Ali S, Noreen S, Farooq I, Bugshan A, Vohra F. Risk Assessment of Healthcare Workers at the Frontline against COVID-19. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):S99-S103. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2790
World Health Organization. The impact of COVID-19 on health and care workers: a closer look at deaths. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021.
Consejo Internacional de Enfermeras. Actualización del Consejo Internacional de Enfermería sobre la Covid-19. 2021.
Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Enfermagem em Números. Brasília: Conselho Federal de Enfermagem; 2024.
Alli, BO. Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety. Geneva: International Labour Organization; 2008.
Sjöberg L. The methodology of risk perception research. Quality and Quantity. 2000; 34(4):407-418. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004838806793
Sjöberg L. Principles of risk perception applied to gene technology. EMBO Rep. 2004;5 (Suppl 1): S47–S51. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.embor.7400258
Slovic, P. Perception of risk. Science. 1987;236:280-285. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.3563507
Jalloh MF, Li W, Bunnell RE, Ethier KA, O’Leary A, Hageman KM, et al. Impact of Ebola experiences and risk perceptions on mental health in Sierra Leone, July 2015. BMJ Global Health. 2018; 3(2): e000471. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000471
Rutherford EJ, Kelly J, Lehane EA, Livingstone V, Cotter B, Butt A, et al. Health literacy and the perception of risk in a breast cancer family history clinic. Surgeon. 2018;16(2):82-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surge.2016.06.003
Lundgren RE, McMakin AH. Risk communication: A handbook for communicating environmental, safety, and health risks. 6ª ed. Nova Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2018.
Schmälzle R, Renner B, Schupp HT. Health Risk Perception and Risk Communication. Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 2017;4(2):163-169. https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732217720223
Hagberg M, Christiani D, Courtney TK, Halperin W, Leamon TB, Smith TJ. Conceptual and definitional issues in occupational injury epidemiology. Am J Ind Med. 1997;32(2):106-115.https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199708)32:2%3C106::aid-ajim2%3E3.0.co;2-x
Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gotzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344-349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008
Centenato APFC, Silva RM, Franco GP, Cardoso LS, Spagnolo LML, Bonow CA, et al. Physical and psychological repercussions on Nursing workers’ health in COVID-19 units: A mixed-methods research study. Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem. 2023;31:e4002. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.6669.4002
Centenaro APFC, Andrade A, Franco GP, Spagnolo LML, Cardoso LS, Costa MC, et al. Working conditions in COVID-19 hospital units: perceptions of nursing workers. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2023; 44:20220007. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2023.20220007
Centenaro APFC, Andrade A, Bonow CA, Costa MC, Silva RM, Sepúlveda JJRS. Cotidiano e desafios da enfermagem em unidades hospitalares COVID-19: perspectiva dos profissionais. Rev Cuid. 2023;14(2):e2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.2600
Cassiani SHB, Jimenez EFM, Ferreira AU, Peduzzi M, Hernández CL. La situación de la enfermería en el mundo y la Región de las Américas en tiempos de la pandemia de COVID-19. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2020;44:1-2. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2020.64
Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Nota Técnica GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA Nº 05/2020: Orientações para a prevenção e o controle de infecções pelo novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) em instituições de longa permanência para idosos (ILPI). Brasília: Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária; 2020.
Yifan T, Ying L, Chunhong G, Jing S, Rong W, Zhenyu L, et al. Symptom Cluster of ICU Nurses Treating COVID-19 Pneumonia Patients in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020:60(1):e48–e53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.03.039
Saadeh D, Sacre H, Hallit S, Farah R, Salameh P. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among nurses in Lebanon. Perspec Psychiatr Care. 2020; 57:1212-1221. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12676
Tayyib NA, Alsolami FJ. Measuring the extent of stress and fear among Registered Nurses in KSA during the COVID-19 Outbreak. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020; 15(5):410-416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.012
Sperling D. Ethical dilemmas, perceived risk, and motivation among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurs Ethics. 2021; 28(1):9-22. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020956376
Said RM, El-Shafei DA. Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: nurses working on front lines during COVID-19 pandemic in Zagazig City, Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021;28:8791–8801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-11235-8
Li X, Zhou Y, Xu X. Factors associated with the psychological well-being among front-line nurses exposed to COVID-2019 in China: A predictive study. J Nurs Manag. 2021;29:240-249. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13146
Conselho Federal de Enfermagem. Parecer Normativo nº 1/2024/COFEN. Brasília: Conselho Federal de Enfermagem; 2024.
Wang Q, Guo J, Sun H, Wang L, Ying J, Liu H. Investigation of protective exposure risk events in nurses against corona virus disease 2019 in Wuhan. Journal of Peking University (Health Sciences). 2020; 52(4):711–714. https://doi.org/10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2020.04.022
Sjöberg L, Moen B-E, Rundo T. Explaining risk perception: an evaluation of the psychometric paradigm in risk perception research. Norway: Norwegian University of Science and Technology; 2004.
Maltezou HC, Dedoukou X, Tseroni M, Tsonou P, Raftopoulos V, Papadima K, et al. SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare personnel with high-risk occupational exposure: evaluation of seven-day exclusion from work policy. Clin Infect Dis. 2020; 71(12): 3182-3187. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa888
Porras-Povedano M, Santacruz-Hamer V, Oliva-Reina I. Percepción de riesgos laborales en profesionales de Enfermería de un centro sanitario. Enfermería Clinica. 2014;24(3):191-195.
Jin Y-H, Huang Q, Wang Y-Y, Zeng X-T, Luo L-S, Pan Z-Y, et al. Perceived infection transmission routes, infection control practices, psychosocial changes, and management of COVID-19 infected healthcare workers in a tertiary acute care hospital in Wuhan: A cross-sectional survey. Mil Med Res. 2020; 7(24). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40779-020-00254-8
Halcomb E, McInnes S, Williams A, Ashley C, James S, Fernandez R, et al. The Experiences of Primary Healthcare Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2020;52(5):553-563. https://doi.org/10.1111/jnu.12589
Song X, Fu W, Liu X, Luo Z, Wang R, Zhou N, et al. Mental health status of medical staff in emergency departments during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in China. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:60-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.06.002
Nienhaus A, Hod R. COVID-19 among health workers in Germany and Malaysia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4881. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134881
Gorini A, Fiabane E, Sommaruga M, Barbieri S, Sottotetti F, La Rovere MT, et al. Mental health and risk perception among Italian healthcare workers during the second month of the Covid-19 pandemic. Arch Psychiatr Nurs;34(6): 537-544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.10.007
Harris MB, Miller KC. Gender and perceptions of danger. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research;43: 843-863. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1011036905770