Revista de Filosofía

Consent and Government. Foucauldian Perspectives based on the Christian Pastorate Analysis

2024-06-10T21:34:41+00:00

The main characteristics of the analysis of the pastorate according to Michel Foucault are reviewed, following the indication that in such pastoral practices, the antecedents of the modern government technologies typical of liberalism would be recorded, that is, disciplinary and regulatory technologies. The article proposes that such analysis shows us that between obedience and fervent adherence –as effects of conduct produced by the pastorate– a field of political analysis of great relevance for the modern context is demarcated: the field of consent. This field of analysis, although not made explicit by Foucault, can be identified in his analysis of conduct in the pastoral technology and its relationship with certain
conditions of freedom. This scheme would allow us to move from consent in pastoral technology to political consent in liberal government regimes as the basis of the governmental relationship of the population.

Modality in Quantum Mechanics

2024-06-26T19:10:43+00:00

In this paper, we propose a naturalistic metaphysical framework for a variant of possibilism based on a bi-localized conception of modality. After reviewing
characteristic problems of alternative positions, we explore the application of this framework to the case of the Modal-Hamiltonian Interpretation of quantum mechanics. Finally, we revisit previous problems in light of this new proposal.

Reciprocal Theorems in Euclid (from the mediatic point of view)

2024-06-21T20:31:23+00:00

The Euclidean demonstration is paradigmatically heterogeneous: its communication combines text and diagram. If we are interested in studying it from the communicational or mediatic point of view, it is necessary to decipher the cooperation between such media and the dynamic expression-structure. This intellectual sensitivity inaugurates a rich agenda. Such an agenda includes, among others, the question of the expressive/structural behavior of the Euclidean demonstration in various special contexts. For example, how does such heterogeneity manifest itself in the case of proofs of reciprocal theorems? An examination (still partial and preliminary) allows the identification of certain relevant mediatic features.

Performativity and Social Ontology. Scope of the semiotic and the linguistic in the constitution of the social order

2024-06-03T13:59:44+00:00

In this paper I address a series of theories that have had performativity, and more precisely communication, as the center of inquiry and as a way of explaining the constitution of the fundamental dimensions of the social structure. In particular, I will present and discuss here the so-called “communicative constructivism”, represented by the theories of H. Knoblauch and J. Reichertz. After presenting their relevance and some of their most outstanding characteristics (I), I focus on the problem of the scope of language in these theories (II) as well as on the foundation of the social bond, as they understand it (III). Finally (IV), I outline what should be the general conditions within which it is possible to develop these
approaches as social ontologies.

Carving the Cosmos: Lilian Silburn and Discontinuism

2024-07-26T15:52:34+00:00

In this article, I explore the role of the body in Indian thought through the lens of Lilian Silburn’s works, focusing on the idea of carving the cosmos, namely of somatic performances that have cosmological relevance. First, I delve into her biography, to study, subsequently, her analysis of ancient Vedic philosophy, the Brāhmaṇa, the Upanişad, and Buddhism. In this manner, I touch upon a series of conceptual developments, trying to understand the constant tensions between the discontinuous and the continuous, the non-arranged and the arranged, the multiple and the One, and finally between eternalism and nihilism. I conclude by examining the way Buddhism has of resolving these tensions in the nonsubstantial theory of Karman.

Politics, Affects and Virtues. Notes for a Social-Republican Reorientation of the Radical Democratic Politics of Chantal Mouffe

2024-06-10T21:08:30+00:00

This essay points towards a critical reorientation of Chantal Mouffe’s radical democracy project, based on an analysis of the limitations of her approach to the political potential of affects. What I propose is a material recuperation of the political-social forms of “identification” that her discursive theoretical framework fails to adequately recognize and integrate, based on a transferential (Dean) and participatory understanding of the parties. In order to defend a “social-republican” citizenship, regulated by the social virtues necessary for the maintenance and strengthening of democratic commitment, against the threats of democratic disaffection, political polarization, and populist manipulation.

How Can We Integrate Applied Ethics into Artificial Intelligence Curricula? An analysis and recommendations from data and science feminism

2024-06-19T14:16:03+00:00

This article examines the incorporation of applied ethics into artificial intelligence (AI) within Chilean university curricula, emphasizing the urgent need to implement an integrated framework of action. Through a documentary analysis, it becomes evident that most higher education programs do not explicitly include AI ethics courses in their curricula, highlighting the need for institutionalizing this integration systematically. In response, we propose an approach grounded in feminist science and data feminism, advocating for the inclusion of diverse perspectives and experiences in the teaching of applied ethics. This framework aims not only to enhance the integration of ethics into the curriculum but also to prepare students to address ethical dilemmas in complex sociotechnical contexts, underscoring the importance of applied ethical reasoning in AI-related disciplines.

Keys to the new Sociopolitical Maps. Some Contributions from the Affective Turn and Macrophilosophy

2024-07-08T01:29:33+00:00

In this article, we will approach two critical and innovative theoretical currents that can explore some problems in contemporary social and political maps and itineraries. To do this, in the first place will be shown the definitions, limitations and potentialities of the affective turn, as an effective tool to diagnose the increasingly decisive emotional elements of the political and social arena. And
on the other hand, we will examine some strategies of macrophilosophy to move towards transversal, holistic, inter-, post- and transdisciplinary edges, which can
articulate throughout contemporary fields usually presented as dilemma. Finally, with the help of the example of the cognitariate, in this text we will focus on some contributions that these two trends can provide about the latter, in the (post?)philosophical knowledge of social reality.

ARE THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS GENUINE EXPERIMENTS?

2024-06-10T20:31:39+00:00

It has been argued that thought experiments are sufficiently similar to real experiments to claim that they constitute the same kind of practice, even though the lack of intervention in the material world deprives thought experiments their main source of objective knowledge. In this paper, I attempt to delineate the scope of this interpretation. I argue that perspectives that assert the equivalence of thought and real experimentation often use inappropriate analogies and fail to examine the specific characteristics of scientific experimentation. I argue that while these comparisons fall short, there are aspects in which thought experiments and real experiments share significant similarities that merit careful examination. To support this argument, I analyze a thought experiment proposed by Richard Feynman in 1965. I show that this experiment relies on a set of essential experimental skills developed through scientific training, relies on theoretical knowledge, and involves the ability to reconstruct causal chains.

The Shape of Rhythm

2024-06-17T18:09:23+00:00

This article aims to emphasize the relevance of a minor tradition within aesthetic reflection that has attempted to think about rhythm beyond the pattern of sequential
time, as an intensive power capable of contaminating the variability of the temporal flow and the staticity of the form. Within this tradition, the dichotomy of image and sound, of figure and movement becomes ineffective, and the gap opens to consider rhythm as a configurative power. Passing through Chladni, Novalis, Benveniste and Tarkowski, the article attempts to indicate the stakes
of a visual consideration of rhythm and to indicate the features for an aesthetic capable of overcoming the dichotomy of figure and sound.

The Role of Agency in the Hybrid Identity of Neurotechnological Patients

2024-07-17T18:10:36+00:00

Recently, the integration between neurotechnologies and human beings has been analyzed using the extended mind theory in neuroethics literature. The discussion has been focused on finding dimensions to assess the integration of the devices in their users’ cognitive functions. This approach has been relatively successful in elucidating the ethical parity of the devices regarding the organic body. However, the mentioned integration poses at least three additional challenges that have not been addressed in the literature and require a new conceptual framework. The first relates to the distinction between moral agency and patiency. The current framework addresses only the latter. The other two are in part entailed by this. The second one is the distinction between a sense of body ownership and a sense of agency. The focus on moral patiency disregards fundamental phenomenal dimensions of integration with neurotechnology. T. Finally, the possibility that the device acts coercively over our cognitive systems is a problematic form of integration that cannot be addressed adequately within current frameworks. We argue that these three challenges can be better faced by exploring a new approach to personal identity that highlights the ethical dimensions mentioned.

Physical Quantities as Relations in Third Analogy of Experiencia

2024-09-09T16:12:34+00:00

An interpretation of the Third Analogy of Experience (Kant, KrV A211/B256–A218/B265) is proposed, from which the metaphysical question referring to the relational or intrinsic character of the properties that represent physical quantities is discerned, in the context of what is called a critical ontology. It is obtained that, as a result of the a priori rules corresponding to the Analogies of Experience, the determinations of objects have a relational character. This result is consistent with the view of time and space obtained in relational formulations of certain physical theories and with relationalist approaches to time and space in the philosophy of physics.

An inferential conception of target systems in the scientific modelling practice

2024-10-19T01:13:28+00:00

The aim of this paper is to present an approach to modelling in science that allows us to distinguish the target system from the phenomena addressed by a model. For this purpose, we will use our dynamic and interactive formulation of surrogate reasoning. Indeed, the perspective that considers the generation of hypotheses from a model as the generation of a logical interaction between two proofs will allow us to formulate an inferential understanding of the target systems and thus to distinguish them from the phenomena to which a model is directed. We thus propose a solution to the targetless problem.

The Radical Technicist Approach in the Field of Media Theory. Critical Analysis and alternative Proposal

2024-07-22T13:12:45+00:00

In this article, we present and analyze critically the technicist approach to media theory and address one of its most radical approaches: the elimination of the dimension of meaning and the agency instances of experience in favor of the dimension of information and automated systems for signal and data processing. In our analysis we consider the difficulties of the eliminationist gesture and offer an alternative approach that attends to the technical-material aspects, but without eliminating the dimension of meaning. This is an approach based on Derrida’s philosophy of the trace. We will examine the mediation of the trace regarding three decisive aspects: the shaping of logical relations and formal languages, the functioning of information systems and the production of meanings.

A la memoria de Francisco Soler Grima. En el Centenario de su Nacimiento

2024-12-23T16:28:58+00:00

Francisco Soler Grima nació en Garrucha, provincia de Almería, España, el 1° de mayo de 1924. Inició sus estudios filosóficos en la Universidad de Granada, graduándose, finalmente, en la de Madrid. Hacia fines de la década del cuarenta y comienzo de la del cincuenta del siglo pasado, colaboró en el Instituto Luis Vives de esa ciudad y en el Instituto de Humanidades fundado por José Ortega y Gasset y Julián Marías (Astorquiza, 1982, 204 y ss.; Mapocho, 1964, pp. 300 y ss.). Este último alude a su vinculación con Soler en el segundo volumen de su Ortega (p. 399) y en los dos primeros de sus Memorias. Estas referencias, junto a las de José Luis López Aranguren, en sus Memorias y esperanzas españolas (p. 101 y ss.), así como la de Antonio Rodríguez Huéscar en Semblanza de Ortega, nos permiten explicarnos, en una primera aproximación, el temprano interés de Soler por los pensamientos de Heidegger y de Ortega, que persistió en él durante toda su vida.

Selección de ¿A qué se llama pensar? de Martin Heidegger traducido por Francisco Soler Grima

2024-12-23T16:38:16+00:00

El escrito presenta el texto, sin modificaciones, de los dos cursos de lecciones de una hora, que, con el mismo título, tuvieron lugar durante el semestre de invierno de 1951-1952 y en el semestre de verano de 1952 en la Universidad de Friburgo de Brisgovia.

El texto de las lecciones está señalado por cifras romanas.

Las pausas de una semana, y a veces más largas, entre las lecciones, me obligaron a retrotraer a los oyentes, por medio de una repetición de la respectiva lección precedente, al proceso de las mismas. Estos tránsitos entre las lecciones están impresos separadamente. Pueden ser leídos por sí mismos, en su secuencia, o intercalarse como introducción a las lecciones respectivas.

Gila Sher. Logical Consequence. Cambridge Elements in Philosophy and Logic. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2022, 91 páginas.

2024-12-23T15:30:08+00:00

En los inicios de su libro, en la primera página, Sher plantea la cuestión central así: ¿en virtud de qué un enunciado S es consecuencia lógica de un conjunto de sentencias Γ? ¿Qué es lo que diferencia a una mera consecuencia de una consecuencia lógica, pues toda consecuencia lógica es consecuencia pero no a la inversa? ¿Por qué “2 tiene un sucesor” es consecuencia lógica de “todo número tiene un sucesor”, mientras que “x es soltero” no lo es de “x es no casado”?

Rodrigo Karmy Bolton. Averroes. Gusto, risa, política. Santiago: DobleA Editores, 2024, 114 pp.

2024-07-02T04:10:35+00:00

Para la filosofía, Averroes constituye el vocativo de una clausura, pero también aquel de una cesura que escande la tradición de pensamiento occidental; especie de signatura que señala el sistema de exclusión que recorre su propia producción discursiva. En su interpretación del pensador árabe, Rodrigo Karmy acomete la tarea de pensar un paréntesis: “habitar un momento en el que se ha suspendido esa monumental historia de la filosofía” (p. 25). Su trabajo de lectura, revela la tentativa de un contrapunto, así como la constitución de un nuevo territorio de habla que permita abrir espacio a un pensamiento descalificado y proscrito. Pese a esto, su lectura no busca solo, ni fundamentalmente, restituir el valor filosófico del pensamiento de Averroes, puesto que su ensayo no se organiza según la precisión exegética del filólogo, sino de un modo especulativo, al modo de un comentario –gesto genuinamente averroísta (Agamben, 2007)– que transita por la selección de nociones y problemas planteados por la filosofía de Averroes para volverla intempestiva (Nietzsche, 2011), vale decir, introducir una discronía en el discurso filosófico que deje asomar las posibilidades inactuales e inciertas de otras lecturas, pero también de otros tiempos. Un movimiento tal, implica necesariamente un esfuerzo por desactivar el arte de la tradición que es la filosofía, puesto que pensar, siempre supone un enfrentamiento con la tradición y su herencia. En esta clave es que la interpretación averroísta de Karmy intenta pensar el porvenir de un mundo a través del uso de un pensamiento. Porque Averroes funciona en este ensayo como un personaje conceptual (Deleuze, 2015), allí donde la imaginación recusa la hermenéutica empirista en que se han fundado los protocolos de lectura de la tradición aristotélica. En consecuencia, antes que un tratado filosófico, lo que la lectura de Karmy nos propone es un pensamiento estético, precisamente aquel de la imaginación.

Justin Clarke-Doane (2022) Mathematics and metaphilosophy. Cambridge Elements in the Philosophy of Mathematics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, iv + 58 pp

2024-05-18T23:27:46+00:00

Este volumen, breve pero rico en ideas, en la serie de Cambridge Elements in the Philosophy of Mathematics presenta una visión general del enfoque que su autor ha desarrollado en una serie de trabajos (incluyendo su libro Morality and Mathematics, 2020, del que extrae material que presenta aquí) respecto de una amplia serie de problemas que incluyen, más allá de la filosofía de la matemática, al realismo normativo, modal y lógico. A partir de una discusión acerca de las condiciones que tienen que satisfacerse para que tengamos conocimiento matemático, Clarke-Doane propone que los mismos problemas aparecen en estos otros dominios, y sugiere que adoptemos una misma estrategia (o más bien, el mismo tipo de estrategia) en cada caso. Esta solución consiste en adoptar una forma de pluralismo realista: a pesar de que cada uno de estos dominios es objetivo y de que las verdades que caen bajo cada uno no dependen de lo que nadie piense, cada manera de pensar acerca del dominio es correcta desde cierta perspectiva. La propuesta de Clarke-Doane se alinea con las propuestas de Balaguer (1995), Putnam (1980) y Carnap (1950) y, en efecto, Clarke-Doane sugiere que su forma de pluralismo no es sino la postura de Carnap en clave realista.

Nicole Darat. Contraciudadanía y democracia feminista, Santiago de Chile: Metales pesados, 2023, 149 pp.

2024-07-23T14:18:15+00:00

Book Review

Roman Frigg. Models and Theories: A philosophical Inquiry. Londres - Nueva York, Routledge, 2022, 495 pp.

2024-07-02T23:57:21+00:00

La ciencia es la empresa humana que se dedica a explorar, analizar y conocer el mundo físico. Las teorías y modelos son una parte íntegra de las ciencias y son esenciales para realizar dicha labor investigativa. Desde la década de 1920 se ha desarrollado un debate en filosofía de las ciencias acerca de qué son las teorías científicas, cómo se relacionan con los fenómenos y con los modelos que son empleados en la práctica científica. Durante casi un siglo de producción literaria, se han discutido extensamente estos temas, desarrollándose distintas posturas filosóficas en el debate. En su libro Models and Theories: A philosophical Inquiry, Roman Frigg tiene como objetivo principal ofrecer una guía para el siglo de literatura que se ha escrito acerca de modelos y teorías en ciencias, revisando así las distintas corrientes de pensamiento que han participado de la discusión.

Philipp Mainländer. Fragmentos pesimistas. Selección, introducción y traducción de Sandra Baquedano Jer. Sequitur, Madrid, 2023, 135 pp.

2024-06-25T16:21:57+00:00

En los últimos años la figura de Philipp Mainländer ha suscitado una atención renovada por las diversas traducciones de sus obras. En efecto, a través de iniciativas como Mainländeriana se ha llegado a reconocer en este joven autor pesimista mucho más que un mero sucesor de Schopenhauer y precursor de Nietzsche. Este eslabón entre ambos merece por sí mismo atención como cualquiera de estos gigantes de la filosofía. En efecto, la obra de Mainländer tiene mucho que ofrecer en materia filosófica y esta nueva entrega constituye una invitación renovada para adentrarse en sus cavilaciones.

Editorial

2024-12-23T12:29:58+00:00

Desde sus inicios en 1949, la REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA de la Universidad de Chile ha jugado un rol crucial en la formación y consolidación de la filosofía, como disciplina, en nuestro país, consagrándose como el órgano de publicaciones más antiguo y relevante en el contexto nacional, y contribuyendo de manera indispensable a la difusión del conocimiento filosófico en el mundo hispanoamericano. La REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA es retrato de los modos en que profesoras y profesoras de nuestra comunidad han generado encuentro y reflexión en torno a temas propios de la disciplina y su vínculo con nuestro contexto social, político y cultural. Su historia y trayectoria son un archivo vivo de la configuración de diversos conocimientos y debates de la filosofía en el siglo XX. En este contexto, quisiéramos especialmente agradecer el trabajo fundamental que cumplieron los profesores Marcos García de la Huerta (como Director) y Alan Martin (como Secretario de Redacción), quienes estuvieron a cargo de la REVISTA DE FILOSOFÍA hasta abril de 2024, así como al Consejo Consultivo y Editorial que desempeñan una función activa para el buen desarrollo de ésta.